超声造影规范化护理专家共识

为了实现超声对比剂（也称超声造影剂）高效、合理、安全、规范化输注，国内相关医护专家总结了国内外文献证据及临床经验，按照循证医学原则充分讨论后，制订了该共识，旨在为我国超声对比剂安全输注的规范化和标准化提供参考意见。共识介绍了超声对比剂的应用现状和安全性、相关法规与流程，造影前、中、后的规范化护理，并提出16条推荐意见。提出目前国内批准上市使用的超声对比剂安全性高，建议医护人员根据最新说明书或专家共识进行配药和给药，并从造影室管理、风险预案、人员资质等方面予以规范。     

Estratificación basal de riesgo en pacientes mayores de 75 años con infarto y shock cardiogénico referidos para angioplastia primaria

Background and objectivesPatients older than 75 years with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty in cardiogenic shock have high mortality. Identification of preprocedural predictors of short- and long-term mortality could be useful to guide decision-making and further interventions.MethodsWe analyzed a nationwide registry of primary angioplasty in the elderly (ESTROFA MI + 75) comprising 3576 patients. The characteristics and outcomes of the subgroup of patients in cardiogenic shock were analyzed to identify associated factors and prognostic predictors in order to derive a baseline risk prediction score for 1-year mortality. The score was validated in an independent cohort.ResultsA total of 332 patients were included. Baseline independent predictors of mortality were anterior myocardial infarction (HR 2.8, 95%CI, 1.4-6.0; P = .005), ejection fraction < 40% (HR 2.3, 95%CI, 1.14-4.50; P = .018), and time from symptom onset to angioplasty > 6 hours (HR 3.2, 95%CI, 1.6-7.5; P = .001). A score was designed that included these predictive factors (score “6-ANT-40”). Survival at 1 year was 54.5% for patients with score 0, 32.3% for score 1, 27.4% for score 2 and 17% for score 3 (P = .004, c-statistic 0.70). The score was validated in an independent cohort of 124 patients, showing 1-year survival rates of 64.5%, 40.0%, 28.9%, and 22.2%, respectively (P = .008, c-statistic 0.68).ConclusionsA preprocedural score based on 3 simple clinical variables (anterior location, ejection fraction < 40%, and delay time > 6 hours) may be used to estimate survival after primary angioplasty in elderly patients with cardiogenic shock and to guide preinterventional decision-making.     

结核病与糖尿病共病的治疗管理专家共识

结核病与糖尿病均是临床上的常见病和多发病,两者可合并存在,相互影响。活动性结核病作为感染因素可加重糖尿病病情,而糖尿病患者又是发生结核病的高危人群,结核病与糖尿病双重负担将成为重大的全球公共卫生问题。因此,需重视结核病与糖尿病共病的治疗管理。本共识重点介绍了结核病与糖尿病共病的危害、发病机制、双向筛查、临床特点、诊断、治疗和管理等内容。     

Thiotepa,Fludarabine, and Busulfan Conditioning Regimen before T Cell–Replete Haploidentical Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Bicentric Experience of 100 Patients

Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) is an alternative treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who lack HLA-matched donors. Relapse after haplo-SCT remains a major concern, especially after nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens. Promising results were reported for TBF-based conditioning regimens (thiotepa, busulfan, and fludarabine) in patients transplanted from different categories of donors and for various disease types but not specifically in PT-Cy haplo-SCT for AML. Here we evaluate the outcome of 100 AML patients who received haplo-SCT with PT-Cy after TBF conditioning regimens (reduced-intensity conditioning, n = 77; myeloablative conditioning, n = 23) in 2 transplant programs. Cumulative incidences of grades III to IV acute and moderate or severe chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were 7% and 14%, respectively. NRM at 2 years was 28%, significantly influenced by disease status at haplo-SCT (first complete response [CR1] versus advanced AML: 16% versus 38%, P = .016) but not by conditioning intensity or age. The cumulative incidences of relapse at 2 years were 17% and 24% in CR1 and advanced AML, respectively (not significant). Progression-free survival, overall survival, and GVHD and relapse-free survival at 2 years were 67%, 71%, and 49% in CR1 patients, respectively, whereas comparative values in patients with advanced disease were 37%, 41%, and 32%. Our study suggests that TBF conditioning for PT-Cy haplo-SCT is safe and effective for AML patients in CR1. In patients with more advanced disease, the relatively low incidence of relapse seems counterbalanced by a high nonrelapse mortality, underlining the need for alternative strategies to decrease relapse risk, without increasing the intensity of conditioning regimen.     

GADAb、ICA和IAA联合检测与LADA早期诊断

目的　联合检测GADAb、ICA和IAA。早期诊断成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病 (LADA ) ,以保护胰岛 β细胞功能。方法　初次临床诊断的 2型糖尿病 (2 -DM ) 13 0例 ,正常对照组 5 0例分别用酶免法测定谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(GADA)、胰岛细胞抗体 (ICA) ,用放免法测定胰岛素自身抗体 (IAA)、空腹及餐后 2小时胰岛素、C -P ,另予每例测身高和体重 ,计算BMI。结果　DM组抗体总阳性率高于对照组 ;与肥胖及超重组 (BMI >2 3kg/m2 )相比 ,非肥胖组 (BMI≤2 3kg/m2 )抗体阳性率明显增高 ,抗体阳性组胰岛素和C肽水平低于阴性组。结论　临床初步诊断的 2 -DM者胰岛 β细胞自身抗体的检测 ,有助于LADA的早期诊断和其 β细胞功能的保护。     

浅表食管癌侵袭深度及分化程度与区域淋巴结转移的临床分析

目的探讨浅表食管癌侵袭深度及分化程度与区域淋巴结转移的关系。方法本院2002年6月至2004年6月总共手术治疗食管癌923例,其中早期浅表食管癌68例,本文就对其术后侵袭深度及分化程度与区域淋巴结转移情况进行回顾性分析。结果本组无手术死亡,全组淋巴结转移率27%,其中高出黏膜型食管癌的淋巴结转移率为38%,侵袭越深,淋巴结转移率越高;分化程度越低淋巴结转移率越高。结论高度重视浅表型食管癌的根治性,对早期食管癌也应按肿瘤外科的原则行食管的次全切除术并常规清扫区域淋巴结。     

肝癌转移复发模型的建立及其在实验性干预中的应用

本所建立了不同转移潜能的人肝癌裸鼠模型及肝癌细胞株.利用高转移人肝癌裸鼠模型发现大剂量长疗程应用α-干扰素可以抑制肝癌的生长和转移复发,其主要机制可能是通过阻断肿瘤血管生成而发挥作用.     

非负荷期种植体周围牙槽骨丧失的X线观察

目的：研究非负荷期种植体周围骨吸收的时间变化规律。方法：以非埋植型纯钛种植体植入狗下颌骨，术后每月拍一次标准牙片，用Photoshop 6.01软件测量种植体周围骨吸收的量并加以分析。结果：种植体植入后第一个月骨吸收为0．64mm，每二个月为0．01mm，第三、四、五个月分别为0．04mm,0.15mm,0.24mm，第一个月骨吸收量与其余四个月之间有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论：种植体植入后第一个月骨吸收最多，可能与手术创伤引起的骨组织改建局部加速现象有关。     

CDIC柱状种植体周龈下菌群变化的2年观察

目的：了解种植体周龈下菌群构成变化与种植体周围组织炎的关系，方法：观察64枚CDIC种植体植入术后2年内种植体周龈下细菌构成变化以及相关临床指标。结果：种植体植入术后1月、3月、6月的龈下球菌比值降低。螺旋体，梭形菌比值增高，杆菌，弯曲菌比值差异无显著性意义。术后12月，24月这五类菌的比值接近术前水平，临床菌斑指数，龈沟出血指数高者，种植体周龈下细菌中球菌的比值较低，梭形菌，螺旋体的比值较高。结论：早期进行口腔卫生指导和定期细菌学检测，对提高种植义齿成功很有必要。